screen 用法
screenCtrl-a S 新建水平分割窗口
Ctrl-a Tab 切换窗口
Ctrl-a :screen bash 新建 screen 终端，并运行 bash
Ctrl-a :quit 退出 screen，将关闭所有 screen 终端，结束其中所有任务
screen 常用命令,
Ctrl-a c 新建 bash screen 终端
Ctrl-a " 列出
Ctrl-a A 重命名
Ctrl-a n 在当前窗口中切换到下一个 screen 终端
Ctrl-a p 在当前窗口中切换到上一个 screen 终端
Ctrl-a d 断开所有 screen 终端，返回 screen 执行前状态，但 screen 内所有终端的任务都在执行
screen -ls 列出当前用户的所有 screen 实例，包括联接和断开的
screen -R <pid> 重新联接到已断开的 screen 实例，如果有多个已断开的 screen 实例，则用 <pid> 区分
Ctrl-a S 新建水平分割窗口
Ctrl-a Tab 切换窗口
Ctrl-a X 关闭当前窗口
Ctrl-a + 扩大当前窗口，默认增加3行
Ctrl-a - 缩小当前窗口，默认减小3行
Ctrl-a :screen <command> 新建 screen 终端，并运行命令<command>
Ctrl-a :resize <height> 改变当前窗口高度为<height>
Ctrl-a :quit 退出 screen，将关闭所有 screen 终端，结束其中所有任务
Ctrl-a <Esc> 进入选择模式
<PageUp> 或 Ctrl-u 光标上移一页
<PageDown> 或 Ctrl-d 光标下移一页
<Left> 或 h 光标左移一格
<Down> 或 j 光标下移一行
<Up> 或 k 光标上移一行
<Right> 或 l 光标右移一格
<Space> 选择开始，选择结束
<Esc> 退出选择模式
Ctrl-a ] 粘贴选择的内容 SCREEN(1) SCREEN(1)
NAME screen - screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation
SYNOPSIS screen [ -options ] [ cmd [ args ] ]
screen -r [[pid.]tty[.host]]
screen -r sessionowner/[[pid.]tty[.host]]
DESCRIPTION Screen is a full-screen window manager that multiplexes a physical ter-
minal between several processes (typically interactiveshells). Each
virtual terminal provides the functions of a DEC VT100 terminal and, in
addition, several control functions from the ISO 6429(ECMA48,ANSI
X3.64)and ISO 2022 standards (e.g. insert/delete line and support for
multiple character sets).There is ascrollbackhistorybufferfor
each virtual terminal and a copy-and-paste mechanism that allows moving
text regions between windows.
When screen is called, it creates a single window with ashellinit
(orthespecifiedcommand) and then gets out of your way so that you
can use the program as you normally would.Then, at any time, youcan
create new (full-screen) windows with other programs in them (including
more shells), kill existing windows, view a list of windows, turnout-
putloggingon and off, copy-and-paste text between windows, view the
scrollback history, switch between windows in whatever manner you wish,
etc.Allwindowsruntheirprograms completely independent of each
other. Programs continue to run when their window is currently not vis-
ible and even when the whole screen session is detached from the user's
terminal.When a program terminates, screen (perdefault)killsthe
windowthatcontainedit.If this window was in the foreground, the
display switches to the previouswindow;ifnoneareleft,screen
exits.
Everythingyou type is sent to the program running in the current win-
dow.The only exception to this is the one keystroke that isusedto
initiateacommandtothe window manager.By default, each command
begins with a control-a (abbreviated C-a from now on), and isfollowed
by one other keystroke.The command character and all the key bindings
can be fully customized to be anything you like, though they are always
two characters in length.
Screen does not understand the prefix "C-" to mean control.Please use
the caret notation ("^A" instead of "C-a") asargumentstoe.g.the
escapecommandorthe -e option.Screen will also print out control
characters in caret notation.
The standard way to create a new window is to type "C-a c".Thiscre-
atesanew window running a shell and switches to that window immedi-
ately, regardless of the state of the process runninginthecurrent
window. Similarly,you can create a new window with a custom command
in it by first binding the command to a keystroke(inyour.screenrc
fileoratthe "C-a :" command line) and then using it just like the
"C-a c" command.In addition, new windows can be created by runninga
command like:
screen emacs prog.c
froma shell prompt within a previously created window.This will not
run another copy of screen, but will instead supplythecommandname
and its arguments to the window manager (specified in the $STY environ-
ment variable) who will use it to create thenewwindow. Theabove
example would start the emacs editor (editing prog.c) and switch to its
window.
If "/etc/utmp" is writable by screen, anappropriaterecordwillbe
writtentothisfile for each window, and removed when the window is
terminated.This is useful for working with "talk","script","shut-
down","rsend","sccs"andother similar programs that use the utmp
file to determine who you are. As long as screen is active on your ter-
minal,theterminal'sownrecord is removed from the utmp file. See
also "C-a L".
GETTING STARTED Before you begin to use screen you'll need to make sure youhavecor-
rectlyselectedyourterminaltype, just as you would for any other
termcap/terminfo program.(You can do this by using tset for example.)
Ifyou'reimpatientand want to get started without doing a lot more
reading, you should remember this one command:"C-a ?".Typingthese
two characters will display a list of the available screen commands and
their bindings. Each keystroke is discussed in the section "DEFAULT KEY
BINDINGS".Themanual section "CUSTOMIZATION" deals with the contents
of your .screenrc.
If your terminal is a "true" auto-margin terminal (it doesn't allow the
last position on the screen to be updated without scrolling the screen)
consider using a version of your terminal's termcap that hasautomatic
marginsturned off. This will ensure an accurate and optimal update of
the screen in all circumstances. Most terminals nowadayshave"magic"
margins(automatic margins plus usable last column). This is the VT100
style type and perfectly suited for screen.If allyou'vegotisa
"true"auto-marginterminalscreenwillbecontent to use it, but
updating a character put into the last position on the screenmaynot
bepossibleuntil the screen scrolls or the character is moved into a
safe position in some other way. This delay can be shortened by using a
terminal with insert-character capability.
COMMAND-LINE OPTIONS Screen has the following command-line options:
-a include all capabilities (with some minor exceptions) in each win-
dow's termcap, even if screen must redraw parts of the displayin
order to implement a function.
-A Adaptthesizes of all windows to the size of the current termi-
nal.By default, screen tries to restoreitsoldwindowsizes
whenattachingtoresizableterminals(those with "WS" in its
description, e.g. suncmd or some xterm).
-c file
override the default configuration file from "$HOME/.screenrc"to
file.
-d|-D [pid.tty.host]
doesnotstart screen, but detaches the elsewhere running screen
session. It has the same effect as typing "C-ad"fromscreen's
controllingterminal.-Disthe equivalent to the power detach
key.If no session can be detached, this optionisignored.In
combinationwiththe-r/-Roption more powerful effects can be
achieved:
-d -r Reattach a session and if necessary detach it first.
-d -R Reattach a session and if necessary detach orevencreateit
first.
-d -RRReattachasessionand if necessary detach or create it. Use
the first session if more than one session is available.
-D -r Reattach a session. If necessarydetachandlogoutremotely
first.
-D -R Attach here and now. In detail this means: If a session is run-
ning, then reattach. If necessary detachandlogoutremotely
first. Ifitwas not running create it and notify the user.
This is the author's favorite.
-D -RRAttach here and now. Whatever that means, just do it.
Note: It is always a good idea to check the statusofyourses-
sions by means of "screen -list".
-e xy
specifies the command character to be x and the character generat-
ing a literal command character to y (when typed after the command
character). The default is "C-a" and `a', which can be specified
as "-e^Aa".When creating a screen session, this option setsthe
defaultcommand character. In a multiuser session all users added
will start off with this command character. But when attachingto
analreadyrunning session, this option changes only the command
character of the attaching user.Thisoptionisequivalentto
either the commands "defescape" or "escape" respectively.
-f, -fn, and -fa
turnsflow-controlon, off, or "automatic switching mode".This
can also be defined through the "defflow" .screenrc command.
-h num
Specifies the history scrollback buffer to be num lines high.
-i will cause the interrupt key (usually C-c) to interruptthedis-
playimmediatelywhenflow-controlison. See the "defflow"
.screenrc command for details.The use of this option is discour-
aged.
-l and -ln
turnsloginmodeonor off (for /etc/utmp updating).This can
also be defined through the "deflogin" .screenrc command.
-ls and -list
does not start screen, but prints a list ofpid.tty.hoststrings
identifyingyour screen sessions.Sessions marked `detached' can
be resumed with "screen -r". Those marked `attached'arerunning
andhave a controlling terminal. If the session runs in multiuser
mode, it ismarked`multi'.Sessionsmarkedas`unreachable'
eitherliveonadifferent host or are `dead'.An unreachable
session is considered dead, when its name matches either thename
of the local host, or the specified parameter, if any.See the -r
flag for a description how to construct matches.Sessionsmarked
as `dead' should be thoroughly checked and removed.Ask your sys-
tem administrator if you are not sure. Removesessionswiththe
-wipe option.
-L tellsscreen to turn on automatic output logging for the windows.
-m causes screentoignorethe$STYenvironmentvariable.With
"screen-m"creationofanew session is enforced, regardless
whether screen is called from withinanotherscreensessionor
not.Thisflag has a special meaning in connection with the `-d'
option:
-d -m Start screen in "detached" mode. This creates a new session but
doesn'tattachtoit.Thisisusefulforsystem startup
scripts.
-D -m This also starts screen in "detached" mode, but doesn't forka
new process. The command exits if the session terminates.
-O selectsamore optimal output mode for your terminal rather than
true VT100 emulation (only affects auto-marginterminalswithout
`LP'). This can also be set in your .screenrc by specifying `OP'
in a "termcap" command.
-p number_or_name
Preselect a window. This is usefull when you want to reattach to a
specificwindor or you want to send a command via the "-X" option
to a specific window. As with screen's select commant, "-" selects
theblankwindow.As a special case for reattach, "=" brings up
the windowlist on the blank window.
-q Suppress printing of error messages. In combination with "-ls" the
exitvalueisasfollows: 9 indicates a directory without ses-
sions. 10 indicates a directory with runningbutnotattachable
sessions.11 (or more) indicates 1 (or more) usable sessions.In
combination with "-r" the exit value is as follows:10indicates
thatthereisno session to resume. 12 (or more) indicates that
there are 2 (or more) sessions to resume andyoushouldspecify
which one to choose.In all other cases "-q" has no effect.
-r [pid.tty.host]
-r sessionowner/]
resumesa detached screen session.No other options (except com-
binations with -d/-D) may be specified, though an optionalprefix
of[pid.]tty.hostmaybe needed to distinguish between multiple
detached screen sessions.The second form is used toconnectto
anotheruser'sscreen session which runs in multiuser mode. This
indicates that screen should look for sessions inanotheruser's
directory. This requires setuid-root.
-R attempts to resume the first detached screen session it finds.If
successful, all other command-line optionsareignored. Ifno
detachedsession exists, starts a new session using the specified
options, just as if -R had not been specified. The optionisset
by default if screen is run as a login-shell (actually screen uses
"-xRR" in that case).For combinations with the -d/-D optionsee
there.
-s setsthedefaultshell to the program specified, instead of the
value in the environment variable$SHELL(or"/bin/sh"ifnot
defined). This can also be defined through the "shell" .screenrc
command.
-S sessionname
When creating a new session, this option can be used to specifya
meaningfulname for the session. This name identifies the session
for "screen -list" and "screen -r"actions.Itsubstitutesthe
default [tty.host] suffix.
-t name
setsthetitle(a.k.a.) for the default shell or specified pro-
gram.See also the "shelltitle" .screenrc command.
-U Run screen in UTF-8 mode. This option tells screen that yourter-
minal sends and understands UTF-8 encoded characters. It also sets
the default encoding for new windows to `utf8'.
-v Print version number.
-wipe [match]
does the same as "screen-ls",butremovesdestroyedsessions
instead of marking them as `dead'.An unreachable session is con-
sidered dead, when its name matches either the name ofthelocal
host,or the explicitly given parameter, if any.See the -r flag
for a description how to construct matches.
-x Attach to a not detached screen session. (Multi display mode).
-X Send the specified command to a running screensession.Youcan
usethe-d or -r option to tell screen to look only for attached
or detached screen sessions. Note that this commanddoesn'twork
if the session is password protected.
DEFAULT KEY BINDINGS Asmentioned,each screen command consists of a "C-a" followed by one
other character.For your convenience, all commands that are boundto
lower-caselettersare also bound to their control character counter-
parts (with the exception of "C-a a"; see below), thus, "C-a c" as well
as"C-aC-c"can be used to create a window. See section "CUSTOMIZA-
TION" for a description of the command.
The following table shows the default key bindings:
C-a ' (select) Prompt for a window name or number toswitch
to.
C-a " (windowlist -b)
Presenta list of all windows for selection.
C-a 0 (select 0)
... ...
C-a 9 (select 9)
C-a - (select -) Switch to window number 0-9,ortothe
blank window.
C-a tab (focus) Switch the input focus to the next region.
C-a C-a (other) Toggletothewindow displayed previously.
Note that this binding defaults tothecom-
mandcharactertyped twice, unless overrid-
den.For instance, ifyouusetheoption
"-e]x", this command becomes "]]".
C-a a (meta) Sendthecommand character (C-a) to window.
See escape command.
C-a A (title) Allow the user to enter a name forthecur-
rent window.
C-a b
C-a C-b (break) Send a break to window.
C-a B (pow_break) Reopen the terminal line and send a break.
C-a c
C-a C-c (screen) Createanew window with a shell and switch
to that window.
C-a C (clear) Clear the screen.
C-a d
C-a C-d (detach) Detach screen from this terminal.
C-a D D (pow_detach)Detach and logout.
C-a f
C-a C-f (flow) Toggle flow on, off or auto.
C-a F (fit) Resize the window to the current region size.
C-a C-g (vbell) Toggles screen's visual bell mode.
C-a h (hardcopy) Write a hardcopy of the current window to the
file "hardcopy.n".
C-a H (log) Begins/ends logging of the current windowto
the file "screenlog.n".
C-a i
C-a C-i (info) Show info about this window.
C-a k
C-a C-k (kill) Destroy current window.
C-a l
C-a C-l (redisplay) Fully refresh current window.
C-a L (login) Togglethiswindowsloginslot. Available
only if screen is configuredtoupdatethe
utmp database.
C-a m
C-a C-m (lastmsg) Repeat the last message displayed in the mes-
sage line.
C-a M (monitor) Toggles monitoring of the current window.
C-a space
C-a n
C-a C-n (next) Switch to the next window.
C-a N (number) Show the number (and title)ofthecurrent
window.
C-a backspace
C-a h
C-a p
C-a C-p (prev) Switch to the previous window (opposite of C-
a n).
C-a q
C-a C-q (xon) Send a control-q to the current window.
C-a Q (only) Delete all regions but the current one.
C-a r
C-a C-r (wrap) Toggle the current window's line-wrap setting
(turnthe current window's automatic margins
on and off).
C-a s
C-a C-s (xoff) Send a control-s to the current window.
C-a S (split) Split the current region into two new ones.
C-a t
C-a C-t (time) Show system information.
C-a v (version) Display the version and compilation date.
C-a C-v (digraph) Enter digraph.
C-a w
C-a C-w (windows) Show a list of window.
C-a W (width) Toggle 80/132 columns.
C-a x
C-a C-x (lockscreen)Lock this terminal.
C-a X (remove) Kill the current region.
C-a z
C-a C-z (suspend) Suspend screen. Yoursystemmustsupport
BSD-style job-control.
C-a Z (reset) Resetthe virtual terminal to its "power-on"
values.
C-a . (dumptermcap) Write out a ".termcap" file.
C-a ? (help) Show key bindings.
C-a C-\ (quit) Kill all windows and terminate screen.
C-a : (colon) Enter command line mode.
C-a [
C-a C-[
C-a esc (copy) Enter copy/scrollback mode.
C-a ] (paste .) Write the contents of the paste buffer to the
stdin queue of the current window.
C-a {
C-a } (history) Copy and paste a previous (command) line.
C-a > (writebuf) Write paste buffer to a file.
C-a < (readbuf) Reads the screen-exchange file into the paste
buffer.
C-a = (removebuf) Removes the file used by C-a < and C-a >.
C-a , (license) Shows where screen comes from, where itwent
to and why you can use it.
C-a _ (silence) Start/stopmonitoring the current window for
inactivity.
C-a * (displays) Show a listing of all currently attached dis-
plays.
CUSTOMIZATION The"socketdirectory"defaults either to $HOME/.screen or simply to
/tmp/screens or preferably to/usr/local/screenschosenatcompile-
time. If screen is installed setuid-root, then the administrator should
compile screen with an adequate (not NFS mounted) socket directory.If
screenisnotrunning setuid-root, the user can specify any mode 700
directory in the environment variable $SCREENDIR.
When screen is invoked, it executes initializationcommandsfromthe
files"/usr/local/etc/screenrc"and".screenrc"inthe user's home
directory. These are the "programmer's defaults" that can be overridden
in the following ways: for the global screenrc file screen searches for
the environment variable $SYSSCREENRC (thisoverridefeaturemaybe
disabledat compile-time). The user specific screenrc file is searched
in $SCREENRC, then $HOME/.screenrc.The command line option-ctakes
precedence over the above user screenrc files.
Commandsinthesefilesareused to set options, bind functions to
keys, and to automatically establish one or more windows at thebegin-
ningofyourscreen session.Commands are listed one per line, with
empty lines being ignored.A command's arguments are separated by tabs
orspaces,andmaybe surrounded by single or double quotes.A `#'
turns the rest of the line into a comment, except in quotes. Unintel-
ligiblelines are warned about and ignored.Commands may contain ref-
erences to environment variables. The syntax is the shell-like "$VAR"
or "${VAR}". Note that this causes incompatibility with previous screen
versions, as now the '$'-character has to be protected with '\'ifno
variablesubstitution shall be performed. A string in single-quotes is
also protected from variable substitution.
Two configuration files are shipped as examples with yourscreendis-
tribution:"etc/screenrc" and "etc/etcscreenrc". They contain a number
of useful examples for various commands.
Customization can also be done 'on-line'. Toenterthecommandmode
type`C-a:'.Notethat commands starting with "def" change default
values, while others change current settings.
The following commands are available:
acladd usernames [crypted-pw]
addacl usernames
Enable users to fully access this screen session. Usernames can beone
user or a comma separated list of users. This command enables to attach
to the screen session and performs the equivalent of `aclchgusernames
+rwx"#?"'. executed.To add a user with restricted access, use the
`aclchg' command below.If an optional second parameterissupplied,
itshouldbea crypted password for the named user(s). `Addacl' is a
synonym to `acladd'.Multi user mode only.
aclchg usernames permbits list
chacl usernames permbits list
Change permissions for a comma separated list of users. Permission bits
arerepresentedas `r', `w' and `x'. Prefixing `+' grants the permis-
sion, `-' removes it. The third parameter is a comma separated listof
commands and/or windows (specified either by number or title). The spe-
cial list `#' refers to all windows, `?' to all commands. ifusernames
consistsof a single `*', all known users are affected.A command can
be executed when the user has the `x' bit for it.Theusercantype
input to a window when he has its `w' bit set and no other user obtains
a writelock for this window.Other bitsarecurrentlyignored. To
withdrawthe writelock from another user in window 2: `aclchg username
-w+w 2'.To allow read-only access to the session: `aclchg username -w
"#"'.As soon as a user's name is known to screen he can attach to the
session and (per default) has full permissions for all command and win-
dows. Execution permission for the acl commands, `at' and others should
also be removed or the user may be abletoregainwritepermission.
Rightsofthe special username nobody cannot be changed (see the "su"
command).`Chacl' is a synonym to `aclchg'.Multi user mode only.
acldel username
Remove a user from screen's access control list. If currently attached,
all the user's displays are detached from the session. He cannot attach
again.Multi user mode only.
aclgrp username [groupname]
Creates groups of users that share common access rights.Thenameof
the group is the username of the group leader. Each member of the group
inherits the permissions that are granted tothegroupleader.That
means,ifa user fails an access check, another check is made for the
group leader.A user is removed fromallgroupsthespecialvalue
"none"isused for groupname.If the second parameter is omitted all
groups the user is in are listed.
aclumask [[users]+bits |[users]-bits .... ]
umask [[users]+bits |[users]-bits .... ]
This specifies the access other users have to windows that will be cre-
atedbythecallerof the command.Users may be no, one or a comma
separated list of known usernames. If no users are specified, a list of
allcurrentlyknownusersisassumed. Bits is any combination of
access control bits allowed defined with the "aclchg" command. The spe-
cialusername"?" predefines the access that not yet known users will
be granted to any window initially.The special username"??"prede-
finestheaccess that not yet known users are granted to any command.
Rights of the special username nobody cannot be changed (seethe"su"
command).`Umask' is a synonym to `aclumask'.
activity message
Whenanyactivityoccursin a background window that is being moni-
tored, screen displays a notification in the message line.The notifi-
cationmessagecanbe re-defined by means of the "activity" command.
Each occurrence of `%' in message is replaced by the number of the win-
dowinwhichactivityhasoccurred, and each occurrence of `^G' is
replaced by the definition for bell in your termcap (usually an audible
bell).The default message is
'Activity in window %n'
Notethatmonitoringisofffor all windows by default, but can be
altered by use of the "monitor" command (C-a M).
allpartial on|off
If set to on, only the currentcursorlineisrefreshedonwindow
change. Thisaffectsallwindowsandis useful for slow terminal
lines. The previous setting of full/partial refresh for each windowis
restored with "allpartial off".This is a global flag that immediately
takes effect on all windows overriding the "partial" settings. Itdoes
not change the default redraw behavior of newly created windows.
altscreen on|off
Ifsetto on, "alternate screen" support is enabled in virtual termi-
nals, just like in xterm.Initial setting is `off'.
at [identifier][#|*|%] command [args ... ]
Execute a command at other displaysorwindowsasifithadbeen
entered there."At" changes the context (the `current window' or `cur-
rent display' setting) of the command. If the first parameter describes
anon-uniquecontext, the command will be executed multiple times. If
the first parameter is of the form`identifier*'thenidentifieris
matched against user names.The command is executed once for each dis-
play of the selected user(s). If the first parameterisoftheform
`identifier%'identifierismatchedagainstdisplays. Displays are
named after the ttys they attach. The prefix `/dev/' or `/dev/tty'may
beomittedfromtheidentifier.If identifier has a `#' or nothing
appended it is matched against window numbers and titles.Omittingan
identifier in front of the `#', `*' or `%'-character selects all users,
displays or windows because a prefix-match is performed. Notethaton
theaffecteddisplay(s)a short message will describe what happened.
Permission is checked for initiator of the "at" command,notforthe
ownersofthe affected display(s).Note that the '#' character works
as a comment introducer when it is preceded by whitespace. This canbe
escaped by prefixing a '\'.Permission is checked for the initiator of
the "at" command, not for the owners of the affected display(s).
Caveat: When matching against windows, the command is executed at least
onceper window. Commands that change the internal arrangement of win-
dows (like "other") may be called again. In shared windows thecommand
will be repeated for each attached display. Beware, when issuing toggle
commands like "login"!Some commands (e.g. "process") requirethata
displayis associated with the target windows.These commands may not
work correctly under "at" looping over windows.
attrcolor attrib [attribute/color-modifier]
This command can be used to highlight attributes by changing thecolor
ofthetext.Iftheattributeattribisinuse,the specified
attribute/color modifier is also applied. If no modifier is given,the
current one is deleted. See the "STRING ESCAPES" chapter for the syntax
of the modifier. Screen understands two pseudo-attributes,"i"stands
forhigh-intensityforegroundcolor and "I" for high-intensity back-
ground color.
Examples:
attrcolor b "R"
Change the color to bright red if bold text is to be printed.
attrcolor u "-u b"
Use blue text instead of underline.
attrcolor b ".I"
Use bright colors forboldtext.Mostterminalemulatorsdothis
already.
attrcolor i "+b"
Make bright colored text also bold.
autodetach on|off
Setswhether screen will automatically detach upon hangup, which saves
all your running programs until they are resumed with a screen -rcom-
mand. Whenturned off, a hangup signal will terminate screen and all
the processes it contains. Autodetach is on by default.
autonuke on|off
Sets whether a clear screen sequence should nuke alltheoutputthat
has not been written to the terminal. See also "obuflimit".
backtick id lifespan autorefresh cmd args...
backtick id
Programthebacktick command with the numerical id id.The output of
such a command is used for substitution of the "%`" string escape.The
specifiedlifespanisthe number of seconds the output is considered
valid. After this time, the command is runagainifacorresponding
stringescapeisencountered.The autorefresh parameter triggers an
automatic refresh for caption and hardstatus strings afterthespeci-
fiednumberof seconds. Only the last line of output is used for sub-
stitution.
If both the lifespan and the autorefresh parameters are zero, the back-
tickprogram is expected to stay in the background and generate output
once in a while.In this case, the command is executed right awayand
screenstoresthelastlineofoutput. If a new line gets printed
screen will automatically refresh the hardstatus or the captions.
The second form of the command deletes the backtickcommandwiththe
numerical id id.
bce [on|off]
Change background-color-erase setting. If "bce" is set to on, all char-
acters cleared by an erase/insert/scroll/clear operation willbedis-
playedinthecurrentbackground color. Otherwise the default back-
ground color is used.
bell_msg [message]
When a bell character is sent to a background window, screen displays a
notificationin the message line.The notification message can be re-
defined by this command.Each occurrence of `%' in message is replaced
bythenumberofthe window to which a bell has been sent, and each
occurrence of `^G' is replaced by the definition for bell in your term-
cap (usually an audible bell).The default message is
'Bell in window %n'
Anempty message can be supplied to the "bell_msg" command to suppress
output of a message line (bell_msg "").Without parameter, the current
message is shown.
bind [-c class] key [command [args]]
Binda command to a key.By default, most of the commands provided by
screen are bound to one or more keys as indicated in the"DEFAULTKEY
BINDINGS"section, e.g. the command to create a new window is bound to
"C-c" and "c".The "bind" command can beusedtoredefinethekey
bindings and to define new bindings.The key argument is either a sin-
gle character, a two-character sequence of the form "^x"(meaning"C-
x"), a backslash followed by an octal number (specifying the ASCII code
of the character), or a backslash followed by a second character,such
as"\^" or "\\".The argument can also be quoted, if you like.If no
further argument is given, any previously established binding forthis
key is removed.The command argument can be any command listed in this
section.
If a command class is specified via the "-c" option, the keyisbound
for the specified class. Use the "command" command to activate a class.
Command classes can be used to create multiple command keysormulti-
character bindings.
Some examples:
bind ' ' windows
bind ^k
bind k
bind K kill
bind ^f screen telnet foobar
bind \033 screen -ln -t root -h 1000 9 su
would bind the space key to the command that displays a list of windows
(so that the command usually invoked by "C-a C-w" would also beavail-
ableas"C-aspace").Thenext three lines remove the default kill
binding from "C-a C-k" and "C-a k"."C-a K" is then bound to thekill
command.Thenitbinds"C-f" to the command "create a window with a
TELNET connection to foobar", and bind "escape"tothecommandthat
creates an non-login window with a.k.a. "root" in slot #9, with a supe-
ruser shell and a scrollback buffer of 1000 lines.
bind -c demo1 0 select 10
bind -c demo1 1 select 11
bind -c demo1 2 select 12
bindkey "^B" command -c demo1
makes "C-b 0" select window 10, "C-b 1" window 11, etc.
bind -c demo2 0 select 10
bind -c demo2 1 select 11
bind -c demo2 2 select 12
bind - command -c demo2
makes "C-a - 0" select window 10, "C-a - 1" window 11, etc.
bindkey [-d] [-m] [-a] [[-k|-t] string [cmd args]]
This command manages screen's input translation tables. Every entryin
oneofthetables tells screen how to react if a certain sequence of
characters is encountered. There are three tables: one that should con-
tainactionsprogrammed by the user, one for the default actions used
for terminal emulation and one for screen'scopymodetodocursor
movement.Seesection"INPUTTRANSLATION" for a list of default key
bindings.
If the -d option is given,bindkeymodifiesthedefaulttable,-m
changesthecopy mode table and with neither option the user table is
selected.The argument string is the sequence of characterstowhich
an action is bound. This can either be a fixed string or a termcap key-
board capability name (selectable with the -k option).
Some keys on a VT100 terminal can send a different stringifapplica-
tionmodeisturnedon(e.gthe cursor keys).Such keys have two
entries in the translation table. You can select theapplicationmode
entry by specifying the -a option.
The -t option tells screen not to do inter-character timing. One cannot
turn off the timing if a termcap capability is used.
Cmd can be any of screen's commands with an arbitrary numberofargs.
If cmd is omitted the key-binding is removed from the table.
Here are some examples of keyboard bindings:
bindkey -d
Showall of the default key bindings. The application mode entries are
marked with .
bindkey -k k1 select 1
Make the "F1" key switch to window one.
bindkey -t foo stuff barfoo
Make "foo" an abbreviation of the word "barfoo". Timeout is disabled so
that users can type slowly.
bindkey "\024" mapdefault
Thiskey-bindingmakes"^T" an escape character for key-bindings. If
you did the above "stuff barfoo" binding, you can enter the word"foo"
bytyping"^Tfoo". If you want to insert a "^T" you have to press the
key twice (i.e. escape the escape binding).
bindkey -k F1 command
Make the F11 (not F1!) key an alternative screen escape (besides ^A).
break [duration]
Send a break signal for duration*0.25 seconds to this window.For non-
Posixsystemsthetimeintervalmay be rounded up to full seconds.
Most useful if a character device is attached to the window rather than
a shell process (See also chapter "WINDOW TYPES"). The maximum duration
of a break signal is limited to 15 seconds.
blanker
Activate the screen blanker. First the screen is cleared. If no blanker
program is defined, the cursor is turned off, otherwise, the program is
started and it's output is written to the screen.Thescreenblanker
is killed with the first keypress, the read key is discarded.
This command is normally used together with the "idle" command.
blankerprg [program args]
Defines a blanker program. Disables the blanker program if no arguments
are given.
breaktype [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK |TCSBRK]
Choose one of the available methods of generating abreaksignalfor
terminaldevices.This command should affect the current window only.
But it still behaves identical to "defbreaktype". This will bechanged
inthefuture. Calling"breaktype"with no parameter displays the
break method for the current window.
bufferfile [exchange-file]
Change the filename used for reading and writing with the paste buffer.
Iftheoptionalargument to the "bufferfile" command is omitted, the
default setting ("/tmp/screen-exchange") is reactivated.The following
examplewillpastethe system's password file into the screen window
(using the paste buffer, where a copy remains):
C-a : bufferfile /etc/passwd
C-a < C-a ]
C-a : bufferfile
c1 [on|off]
Change c1 code processing. "C1 on" tellsscreentotreattheinput
charactersbetween128and159 as control functions.Such an 8-bit
code is normally the same as ESC followed bythecorresponding7-bit
code.Thedefaultsettingis to process c1 codes and can be changed
with the "defc1" command.Users with fon 好长 ^_^ screen -R <pid> 重新联接到已断开的 screen 实例，如果有多个已断开的 screen 实例，则用 <pid> 区分这个好用
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