KNOPPIX攻略(未完成)

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KNOPPIX  Tips--------Pre Reading

In Europe ang America,KNOPPIX and SimplyMEPIS these two Debian-Based systems are very popular.They are both Live-CDs ,and they can install to HD in just a few minutes.Of course,the most important thing is that they are not only powerful,but also beautiful and easy to use.

My cousin WuChu is a fan as well as developer of MEPIS,and I am a member of KNOPPIX developing team.We are going to give some useful tips on KNOPPIX and MEPIS.First,we will talk about KNOPPIX.

KNOPPIX is developed by my friend—Mr Knopper.Now ,it is one of most popular distrbutions in the world,even more popular then Debian.

The whole article will include 5 parts.

1.Pre Reading (What you are reading now.)
2.Runing on CD
3.Runing on HD
4.Tips on Chinese
5.Post Reading

Author:
Xiaoxiang Guanzhu
Wu Chu

吴楚东南坼

潇湘空际流

Running on CD

1.Downloading
The main server of KNOPPIX is in Germany,EU.Because of this ,we can not enjoy a speed-downloading from the primary server.Luckily ,we have some mirrow server in Asia,they may much faster.
For example,

http://mymirror.asiaosc.org/knoppix/KNOPPIX_V3.7-2004-12-08-EN.iso
http://mirror.pacific.net.au/linux/knoppix/KNOPPIX_V3.7-2004-12-08-EN.iso

They are English version,if you want a Germany version,just go to the higher content of the above address.

Also,KNOPPIX has remasteration of some other language such as French,Spanish,Italian.....

2.Burn a CD or use a PMI
If you have a CD-Burner,the only thing you need do is burning the ISO file on a clean CD-R by a sofware such as k3b(Linux
) or Nero(Windows).
Then ,set your BIOS as CD-ROM first bootable,put the CD into your Driver,restart,and enjoy it!

If you do not have a CD-Burner,then you have to try PMI(Poor Man's Installation),use the following means:

Run Microsoft Windows, copy Knoppix to HD & make it bootable with bootmedia
Also called "poormans install" ;-)
NOTE: The partition (i.e. drive) that you are copying to (the D partition in the example below) must be a fat32 partition. If it is NTFS, the install will not boot.
- Copy the CD:\KNOPPIX\KNOPPIX file to HD:\KNOPPIX\
__E:\KNOPPIX\>mkdir D:\KNOPPIX
E:\KNOPPIX\>copy KNOPPIX D:\KNOPPIX\
1 files(s) copied__
-Make the bootfloppy. Start "mkfloppy.bat" on the CD in the KNOPPIX folder.
E:\KNOPPIX\>mkfloppy

3.Get on line.
There are ton of net tools in KNOPPIX,most of whick can be found in K-Start--->KNOPPIX-->Network/Internet.Lan /ADSL/GPRS/Modem can easily get on line through these tools.
Then ,you can a Mozilla browser to surf the Internet or just try a lynx.You can also download things with Kget.

4.Save the settings.

You can save the settings to a floopy disk,HD or a USB key so that you needn't set the system again when you sue the KNOPPIX the next time.
Try the following steps in KDE K-Start-->KNOPPIX-->Configure-->Save KNOPPIX configurations

When you use the systen again ,type command when it display”boot:”like:
myconf=/dev/sda1  
Run "knoppix.sh" from a partition
myconf=scan (or config=scan)
Try to find "knoppix.sh" automatically
5.Operate the HD(write)
When you use KDE,you will find your HD as icons on the desktop.Lef-single click it,the system will   mount it automatically.Then,right-single click it,choose Action-->change read/write mode,then ,you can write the HD in the root-terminal.You can operate the HD with commands such as rm and cp and md.....
You may think it not convenient to operate the HD in the termianl instead of Graphical Environment.Here is a way to realise so:
Type “knoppix 2” at boot time so as to run the system under text-mode,then use the command”startx”to start the x-server.Then mount the disk and change the Read/Write mode,you will be able to write the disk in konquer.
Of course,you can try “init 3”then “startx”,too.

After doing the above things,you can download file diractly to your HD without size limit.

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Here is KNOPPIX CD cheatcodes,
Options

lang=bg|be|ch|cn|cs|cz|da|de|dk|es|fi|fr|ie|it|ja|nl|pl|ru|sk|tr|tw|uk|us
    specify language/keyboard

You can click on http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm to see the two-letters code meanings.

For example, typing knoppix lang=us you change the keyboard/language to US english.

If you don´t change the keyboard, in the default DE-bootimage, Knoppix boots with the german keyboard layout (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_keyboard_layouts#Germany_and_Austria_.28but_not_Switzerland.29) (i.e. '=' letter is located at Shift-0 at this keyboard). Print the german keyboard layout for your reference.

keyboard=us
    specify only console keyboard


xkeyboard=us
    specify [Xfree86 X] keyboard


atapicd  
    Do NOT use SCSI-Emulation for IDE CD-Roms - Knoppix V3.4 and later


desktop=fluxbox|icewm|kde|larswm|twm|wmaker|xfce
    Use specified WM instead of KDE


screen=1280x1024
    Use specified Screen resolution for X


xvrefresh=60 or vsync=60
    Use 60 Hz vertical refresh rate for X


xhrefresh=80 or hsync=80
    Use 80 kHz horizontal refresh rate for X


xserver=XFree86|XF86_SVGA
    Use specified X-Server


xmodule=ati|radeon|fbdev|vesa|savage|s3|nv|i810|mga|svga|tseng
    Use specified XFree4-Module


wheelmouse
    The mouse is a wheelmouse - not needed since 2003-04-15


nowheelmouse
    Regular PS/2 mouse - 2003-04-15 and after.


2
    Runlevel 2, Textmode only


myconfig=scan or floppyconfig or floppyconf (in recent versions)
    Run knoppix.sh from a floppy. The "floppyconfig" option allows you to reconfigure the system after autoconfig, or install your own config files, by mounting a floppy disk and running a bourne shell script called knoppix.sh from the root directory on this floppy. There is a GUI to create such a configuration floppy disk calles "saveconfig" (also located in the KDE menu under "KNOPPIX", but experts also know how to do this by creating their own shellscripts. The configuration with network and graphics setup are stored in configs.tbz. A file called knoppix.sh, if located in the toplevel KNOPPIX directory on CD, will also be executed at startup. This makes it easier to create customized versions without having to change anything on the compressed filesystem KNOPPIX/KNOPPIX.


myconf=/dev/sda1  
    Run "knoppix.sh" from a partition - Knoppix V3.4


myconf=scan (or config=scan)
    Try to find "knoppix.sh" automatically - Knoppix V3.4


noapic noagp noapm nodma nomce nofirewire nopcmcia noscsi noswap nousb nosmp noaudio
    Skip parts of Hardware-detection, In case of a failing hardware autodetection, try booting with any of the "no-" options as shown in the table above, like in knoppix noagp noapm noapic nodma nopcmcia noscsi nousb to skip some critical parts of the autodetection system. The "noswap" option is useful for a forensic analysis without touching existing swap partitions.


pci=irqmask=0x0e98
    Notebook if PS/2 mouse doesn't work, Try "knoppix pci=irqmask=0x0e98" if (you have a notebook and) your PS/2 mouse doesn't work. (Possibly caused by a BIOS-flaw on your board.)


ide2=0x180 nopcmia
    boot from PCMIA-CD (Transmeta notebooks)


pci=biosirq
    Will force the use of the BIOS assigned Interrupt ReQuests on the PCI bus. Possible cure for non-functioning hardware. Very handy for unruly IRQ conflicts. Look at dmesg and cat /proc/pci to find out if you have any such troubles..


mem=128M
    Specify Memory size in MByte, Some Boards apparently don't pass the proper memory size to the linux-kernel. It may cause the message "Panic cannot mount root file system" and the system hangs. Use "knoppix mem=128M" to solve that problem if your system has 128MByte memory for example (caution you MUST use a capital "M" here). Stuff like mem=16320K also works.


noeject
    Do NOT eject CD after halt


noprompt
    Its especially useful in combination with noeject. With noprompt, Knopix won't eject the CD and ask for a keypress. It was a much asked feature some time ago. Version 2003-09-22 and later.


nodhcp
    skip dhcp/network broadcast detection


splash
    It shows the upper half of the KDE splash-screen, while booting up. You can press Esc anytime to see all the messages. Ever wanted to hide those cryptic messages? Version 2003-09-22 and later.

    * New in 3.4: Animations (see for yourself) and the ability to press any key.


modules-disk
    This cheatcode allows you to insert a floppy disk with additional modules, for example USB-stick or similar. Yes, its also possible with "expert", but there you loose the automatic configuration afterwards. Version 2003-09-22 and later.


toram
    Copy CD to RAM and run from there. Version 2003-09-05 and later.


tohd
    You can now do a "poor mans install" on vfat and ext2-Partitions with, knoppix tohd=/dev/hda1 Version 2003-09-22 and later.


fromhd
    With this cheatcode the CD-Roms are ignored, so you can finally boot your "poor mans install" with just the original cdrom. Version 2003-09-05 and later. note - Cheatcode "toram" and "fromhd" work now together. Usage fromhd=/dev/hda1.


bootfrom=/dev/hda1
    Access Image then boot from previously copied CD-Image (enables booting from NTFS / ReiserFS) - Knoppix V3.4


bootfrom=/dev/hda1/KNX.iso
    Access image, boot from ISO-Image. - Knoppix V3.4


NOTE: bootfrom needs access to a running Knoppix-System with the same Kernel as the Bootkernel, before it is able to mount the partition / ISO-Image. This should allow a poor mans install from NTFS-Partitions and makes it also possible to boot an ISO-Image directly. You can also use wildcards in the ISO-Filename, but it must be unique. So: If you have just one KNOPPIX.iso on /dev/hda1 you can access it as: bootfrom=/dev/hda1/K*.iso, but if there are several, you need to make clear, which one you want. (Feature added by Fabian Franz.)
CAUTION: The 2.4 kernel that is in the KNOPPIX 3.4 CD does not support the ext3 filesystem so make sure that the ISO is stored in an ext2 filesystem.

gmt|uce
    Hardware clock is set to GMT/UCE


vga=normal
    No-framebuffer mode, but X


vga=ext
    50-line TEXT mode


dma
    enable DMA for all IDE drives


home=scan
    Set home directory. 'scan' will search for knoppix.img in the root of all partitions. To create a home directory, go K-menu -> Knoppix -> Configure -> Create persistant home directory. Be carefull when creating the home-dir, Do NOT use the entire partition unless you know what you are doing. Other options could be, home=/dev/hda1/knoppix.img home=/mnt/hda1/knoppix.img . If you are using a USB memory stick type home=/dev/sda1/knoppix.img but home=scan will probably do.


blind
    Start Braille-Terminal (no X)


brltty=type,port,table
    Parameters for Braille device.

For more information on brltty parameters see http://mielke.cc/brltty/guidelines.html

alsa
    Autoconfigure alsa for an pci-soundcard


alsa=es1938
    Configure alsa for the snd-es1938.o-module pci-soundcard


testcd
    Check CD data integrity, If your KNOPPIX CD makes strange noises during boot, or you see frequent errors like "cloop read error", or programs on your KDE desktop keep crashing randomly, then your CD image is probably defective or incomplete, or your CD-burner created a defective CD due to wrong writing speed or bad media. This is the most common error reported. Please boot with "knoppix testcd" to check if the CD is OK, and/or even better, verify the MD5 checksums that are present on the mirrors before writing the CD. Also, please read the KNOPPIX-FAQ.


pnpbios=off
    No PnP Bios initialization


acpi=off  
    Disable ACPI Bios completely


pci=bios
    Workaround for bad PCI controllers


knoppix_dir=KNOPPIX  
    Directory to search for on the CD.


knoppix_name=KNOPPIX
    Cloop-File to search for on the CD.


[edit]
Kernels

knoppix
    Default settings


knoppix26
    Boot the 2.6 kernel for use with the new Knoppix 3.4 and 3.4 c't Edition.


knoppix26 acpi=off
    Disable ACPI configuration in Kernel 2.6


knoppix-txt
    No framebuffer at startup


fb1280x1024 or fb1024x768 or fb800x600
    Use fixed framebuffer graphics


failsafe
    Boot with (almost) no hardware detection


expert
    Interactive setup for experts, The "expert" mode provides a very simple and not yet well tested interface to loading additional Kernel modules from floppy disks (ext2 or vfat), plus interactive configuration of mouse/keyboard/soundcard/xserver. "expert" mode supports the same boot options as "knoppix".


expert26
    The same as above only with 2.6 kernel - Knoppix V3.4


knoppix -b
    Quick-n-dirty boot, almost no HW detection, only 1 VT; hit enter at root-password prompt and start typing commands. Good if you just need to fdisk IDE devices, activate a different partition for booting, DD stuff, and you are planning on rebooting Real Fast after you're done. You can actually Alt-SysRQ-B safely ie. immediate reboot w/o worrying about shutting down nicely or anything, because nothing is mounted r/w at ALL - not even swap. Also works on other Linux distros.


memtest
    Run memtest86 instead of Linux - Knoppix V3.4



[edit]
Tips&Tricks

If you have an old (VGA) monitor and get only flickering with the defaults, try "knoppix-txt xvrefresh=60" or "fb800x600"
Most of the boot options are parsed in /etc/init.d/knoppix-autoconfig and the rest is found in /KNOPPIX/boot.img -> miniroot.gz -> linuxrc.
[edit]
updates:

Updated for Knoppix 3.1 2003-01-05

Updated for Knoppix 3.2
    desktop=gnome is no longer available... (use Gnoppix).