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19、 新增创建VFS的"libfs"
libfs给创建一个新的文件系统提供了大量的API.
主要是对struct file_system_type的实现。
参考源代码:
drivers/hotplug/pci_hotplug_core.c
drivers/usb/core/inode.c
drivers/oprofile/oprofilefs.c
fs/ramfs/inode.c
fs/nfsd/nfsctl.c (simple_fill_super() example)
20、 DMA的变化
未变化的有:
void *pci_alloc_consistent(struct pci_dev *dev, size_t size,
dma_addr_t *dma_handle);
void pci_free_consistent(struct pci_dev *dev, size_t size,
void *cpu_addr, dma_addr_t dma_handle);
变化的有:
1、 void *dma_alloc_coherent(struct device *dev, size_t size,
dma_addr_t *dma_handle, int flag);
void dma_free_coherent(struct device *dev, size_t size,
void *cpu_addr, dma_addr_t dma_handle);
2、列举了映射方向:
enum dma_data_direction {
DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL = 0,
DMA_TO_DEVICE = 1,
DMA_FROM_DEVICE = 2,
DMA_NONE = 3,
};
3、单映射
dma_addr_t dma_map_single(struct device *dev, void *addr,
size_t size,
enum dma_data_direction direction);
void dma_unmap_single(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr,
size_t size,
enum dma_data_direction direction);
4、页面映射
dma_addr_t dma_map_page(struct device *dev, struct page *page,
unsigned long offset, size_t size,
enum dma_data_direction direction);
void dma_unmap_page(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_addr,
size_t size,
enum dma_data_direction direction);
5、有关scatter/gather的函数:
int dma_map_sg(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sg,
int nents, enum dma_data_direction direction);
void dma_unmap_sg(struct device *dev, struct scatterlist *sg,
int nhwentries, enum dma_data_direction direction);
6、非一致性映射(Noncoherent DMA mappings)
void *dma_alloc_noncoherent(struct device *dev, size_t size,
dma_addr_t *dma_handle, int flag);
void dma_sync_single_range(struct device *dev, dma_addr_t dma_handle,
unsigned long offset, size_t size,
enum dma_data_direction direction);
void dma_free_noncoherent(struct device *dev, size_t size,
void *cpu_addr, dma_addr_t dma_handle);
7、DAC (double address cycle)
int pci_dac_set_dma_mask(struct pci_dev *dev, u64 mask);
void pci_dac_dma_sync_single(struct pci_dev *dev,
dma64_addr_t dma_addr,
size_t len, int direction);
21、 互斥
新增seqlock主要用于:
1、少量的数据保护
2、数据比较简单(没有指针),并且使用频率很高
3、对不产生任何副作用的数据的访问
4、访问时写者不被饿死
<linux/seqlock.h>
初始化
seqlock_t lock1 = SEQLOCK_UNLOCKED;
或seqlock_t lock2; seqlock_init(&lock2);
void write_seqlock(seqlock_t *sl);
void write_sequnlock(seqlock_t *sl);
int write_tryseqlock(seqlock_t *sl);
void write_seqlock_irqsave(seqlock_t *sl, long flags);
void write_sequnlock_irqrestore(seqlock_t *sl, long flags);
void write_seqlock_irq(seqlock_t *sl);
void write_sequnlock_irq(seqlock_t *sl);
void write_seqlock_bh(seqlock_t *sl);
void write_sequnlock_bh(seqlock_t *sl);
unsigned int read_seqbegin(seqlock_t *sl);
int read_seqretry(seqlock_t *sl, unsigned int iv);
unsigned int read_seqbegin_irqsave(seqlock_t *sl, long flags);
int read_seqretry_irqrestore(seqlock_t *sl, unsigned int iv, long flags);
22、 内核可剥夺
<linux/preempt.h>
preempt_disable();
preempt_enable_no_resched();
preempt_enable_noresched();
preempt_check_resched();
23、 眠和唤醒
1、原来的函数可用,新增下列函数:
prepare_to_wait_exclusive();
prepare_to_wait();
2、等待队列的变化
typedef int (*wait_queue_func_t)(wait_queue_t *wait,
unsigned mode, int sync);
void init_waitqueue_func_entry(wait_queue_t *queue,
wait_queue_func_t func);
24、 新增完成事件(completion events)
<linux/completion.h>
init_completion(&my_comp);
void wait_for_completion(struct completion *comp);
void complete(struct completion *comp);
void complete_all(struct completion *comp);
25、 RCU(Read-copy-update)
rcu_read_lock();
void call_rcu(struct rcu_head *head, void (*func)(void *arg),
void *arg);
26、 中断处理
1、中断处理有返回值了。
IRQ_RETVAL(handled);
2、cli(), sti(), save_flags(), 和 restore_flags()不再有效,应该使用local_save_flags() 或local_irq_disable()。
3、synchronize_irq()函数有改动
4、新增int can_request_irq(unsigned int irq, unsigned long flags);
5、 request_irq() 和free_irq() 从 <linux/sched.h>改到了 <linux/interrupt.h>
27、 异步I/O(AIO)
<linux/aio.h>
ssize_t (*aio_read) (struct kiocb *iocb, char __user *buffer,
size_t count, loff_t pos);
ssize_t (*aio_write) (struct kiocb *iocb, const char __user *buffer,
size_t count, loff_t pos);
int (*aio_fsync) (struct kiocb *, int datasync);
新增到了file_operation结构中。
is_sync_kiocb(struct kiocb *iocb);
int aio_complete(struct kiocb *iocb, long res, long res2);
28、 网络驱动
1、struct net_device *alloc_netdev(int sizeof_priv, const char *name,
void (*setup)(struct net_device *));
struct net_device *alloc_etherdev(int sizeof_priv);
2、新增NAPI(New API)
void netif_rx_schedule(struct net_device *dev);
void netif_rx_complete(struct net_device *dev);
int netif_rx_ni(struct sk_buff *skb);
(老版本为netif_rx())
29、 USB驱动
老版本struct usb_driver取消了,新的结构体为
struct usb_class_driver {
char *name;
struct file_operations *fops;
mode_t mode;
int minor_base;
};
int usb_submit_urb(struct urb *urb, int mem_flags);
int (*probe) (struct usb_interface *intf,
const struct usb_device_id *id);
30、 block I/O 层
这一部分做的改动最大。不祥叙。
31、 mmap()
int remap_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long from,
unsigned long to, unsigned long size,
pgprot_t prot);
int io_remap_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long from,
unsigned long to, unsigned long size,
pgprot_t prot);
struct page *(*nopage)(struct vm_area_struct *area,
unsigned long address,
int *type);
int (*populate)(struct vm_area_struct *area, unsigned long address,
unsigned long len, pgprot_t prot, unsigned long pgoff,
int nonblock);
int install_page(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long addr, struct page *page,
pgprot_t prot);
struct page *vmalloc_to_page(void *address);
32、 零拷贝块I/O(Zero-copy block I/O)
struct bio *bio_map_user(struct block_device *bdev,
unsigned long uaddr,
unsigned int len,
int write_to_vm);
void bio_unmap_user(struct bio *bio, int write_to_vm);
int get_user_pages(struct task_struct *task,
struct mm_struct *mm,
unsigned long start,
int len,
int write,
int force,
struct page **pages,
struct vm_area_struct **vmas);
33、 高端内存操作kmaps
void *kmap_atomic(struct page *page, enum km_type type);
void kunmap_atomic(void *address, enum km_type type);
struct page *kmap_atomic_to_page(void *address);
老版本:kmap() 和 kunmap()。
34、 驱动模型
主要用于设备管理。
1、 sysfs
2、 Kobjects
推荐文章:
http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/linux/kernel/l-kernel26/index.shtml#1
http://www-900.ibm.com/developerWorks/cn/linux/l-inside/index.shtml#h1
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