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发表于 2004-6-11 09:24:33
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Hi, angryorca, I've decided to post this thread in English though I
can use Chinese Input smoothly under my Gentoo Linux.
I must say, you are new to linux, am I right? And the most important
thing that makes you uncomfortable with linux is that: you're
looking into linux THROUGH a Window 
That's the nature of the people who try to migrate from windows to
linux, I was one of them the first time I touched Redhat. So what we
need is sit down, relax and be patient, I'm going to tell you some
more things about linux, trying my best to make things simple and
direct to the points.
And here are a serial of articles from IBM developerworks, they're
well written for beginners of Linux, expecially for windows users
1. Chinese Input Method:
Nowadays, many linux distros are good at i18n, you shouldn't have
any problem with CIM. if you setup the system language to Chinese
during the installation time. For instance, you can simply 'Ctrl +
Space' to activate/de-activate CIM under Fedora Core 2 once you get
it up and run.
When you have some more experience with Linux, you could choose
the right CIM to fit your own need. Just:
(1) Unintall the current CIM with, for instance, Fedora: rpm -e [pkg]
(2) Install the CIM you like: rpm -i [pkg]
(3) A little tweak here: change three environment variables in your
profile (/etc/profile or ~/.bashrc, etc.), those env-vars are aiming at
one thing: tell the system what CIM to activate once you 'Ctrl +
Space', here's the sample code, sure, you can simply skip this part
[code:1]
export XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx
export XIM=fcitx
export XIM_PROGRAM=fcitx
[/code:1]
fcitx is the CIM I use.
2. Packages Management
First of all, the major differance between windows and linux is their
Filesystem Hierarchy.
Windows: we have C:\, D:\, E:\...
Linux: we have /usr, /home, /bin...
It would be quite 'confused' for a lot of windows people. However,
after reading this, you should have a clear view of the linux/unix
Filesystem Hierarchy. For more information, please visit the official
website of the File Hierarchy Standard.
Let's focus on pkgs management.
. Windows: pkg-oriented - each software has a folder of its own, for
instance, C:\Program Files\Foo\; has manual of its own - C:\Program
Files\Foo\help\...
. Linux: system-oriented - each pkg will be integrated into the
system. That is, its executable binaries are integrated into 'bin'
folders like /bin, /usr/bin, /usr/local/bin (common pkgs stay in the
/usr/bin and /usr/local/bin), its man pages are integrated into system
wide man page folders /usr/share/man, and libs are integrated into
some 'lib' folder like /usr/lib. One of the most advantage of doing so
is that, you can man page everywhere without running the pkg.
You are haveing a whole system with a lot of integrated TOOLs under
linux/unix, while you're having a system with a lot of separated
Softwares under windows.
Then, we might ask, how could we probably know where the hell all
these 'bin's, 'man's, 'lib's bla bla go?? Well, that's what a linux pkg
management system like 'rpm' will manage for you!
'rpm' system knows where to lay down all those stuffs, keeps them
well organized and remember them during pkg installation (rpm -i).
Once you intend to remove a pkg, just simply 'rpm -e' then the 'rpm'
system will do all the dirty works for you: it removes all those stuffs
of the pkg, and your system is very clean!
What's more, if you decide to manually build and install pkg from
source, just follow the pkg's README, install it. Once you would like
to remove this pkg, just 'locate [pkg]', find out all the stuffs belong
to the pkg, go to the directories, simply delete all of them, and
not even a piece of garbage will be left without YOUR PERMISSION!
And, what if the pkg is depended by other pkgs? Yeah, that's what
again the pkg management system will solve for you!
(If you're an advance user, you could hold a piece of tracking log
paper to track all those pkgs you manually installed
The central spirit of linux/unix system is that: everything is file (even
your hardware devices are mapped to /dev !). No anything like
windows registry -- your system will be totally clean up after you
simply delete all the files of any pkg!
Here is the conclusion:
1. There will be NO FREEDOM if you try to ride A Moter Bike as it
was a Bike or a HORSE! ;-)
2. If you REALLY want to get closer to Linux, Please, be patient and
be ready to learn new things that might be totally different from
windows. Or, just stay there with your most familiar system and
focus on getting jobs done with computer.
HTH
BTW:
If anyone thinks it's useful, could anyone help me to translate it to
Chinese, at least it is a not so short tutorial, hehe |
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发表于 2004-6-11 00:19:20
